24. 虚拟语气

附录3 功能意念项目表

1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)

(1) 问候 (Greetings)

(2) 介绍 (Introduction)

(3) 告别 (Farewells )

(4) 感谢 (Thanks )

(5) 道歉 (Apologies)

(6) 邀请 (Invitation)

(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)

(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)

(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)

(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)

(11) 约会 (Making appointments)

(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)

(13) 就餐 (Having meals)

(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)

(15) 购物 (Shopping)

(16) 问路 (Asking the way)

(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)

(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)

(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)

(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)

(21) 劝告 (Advice)

(22) 建议 (Suggestions)

2. 态度 (Attitudes)

(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)

(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)

(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)

(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)

(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)

(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)

(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)

(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)

(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)

(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)

(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)

(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)

3. 情感 (Emotions)

(35) 高兴 (Happiness)

(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)

(37) 忧虑 (Worries)

(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)

(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)

(40) 遗憾 (Regret)

(41) 同情 (Sympathy)

(42) 恐惧 (Fear)

(43) 愤怒 (Anger)

4. 时间 (Time)

(44) 时刻 (Point of time)

(45) 时段 (Duration)

(46) 频度 (Frequency)

(47) 时序 (Sequence)

5. 空间 (Space)

(48) 位置 (Position)

(49) 方向 (Direction)

(50) 距离 (Distance)

6. 存在 (Existence)

(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence)

7. 特征 (Features)

(52) 形状 (Shape)

(53) 颜色 (Colour)

(54) 材料 (Material)

(55) 价格 (Price)

(56) 规格 (Size)

(57) 年龄 (Age)

8. 计量 (Measurement)

(58) 长度 (Length)

(59) 宽度 (Width)

(60) 高度 (Height)

(61) 数量 (Number)

9. 比较 (Comparison)

(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)

(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)

(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)

10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)

(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)

(66) 目的 (Purpose)

11. 职业 (Occupations)

(67) 工作 (Jobs)

(68) 单位 (Employer)

10

附录4 话题项目表

1. 个人情况 (Personal information)

2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)

3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)

4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)

5. 学校生活 (School life)

6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)

7. 个人感情 (Emotions)

8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)

9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)

10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)

11. 购物 (Shopping)

12. 饮食 (Food and drink)

13. 健康 (Health)

14. 天气 (Weather)

15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)

16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)

17. 语言学习 (Language learning)

18. 自然 (Nature)

19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)

20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)

21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)

22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)

23. 社会 (Society)

24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)